See cepan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "becēpan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ġecēpan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "keep"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kepe"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "keip"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "keep"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "kepen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "keep"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kepe"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "keip"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "keep"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "keepen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "keep"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kepe"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "keip"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "keep"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "kepe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kōpijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kōpijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kōpijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kōpijaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *kōpijan, from Proto-Germanic *kōpijaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cēpan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpan",
"links": [
[
"cēpan",
"cepan#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpenne",
"links": [
[
"cēpenne",
"cepenne#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpe",
"links": [
[
"cēpe",
"cepe#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpte",
"links": [
[
"cēpte",
"cepte#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpest",
"links": [
[
"cēpest",
"cepest#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpst",
"links": [
[
"cēpst",
"cepst#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cēptest",
"links": [
[
"cēptest",
"ceptest#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpeþ",
"links": [
[
"cēpeþ",
"cepeþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpþ",
"links": [
[
"cēpþ",
"cepþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpte",
"links": [
[
"cēpte",
"cepte#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpaþ",
"links": [
[
"cēpaþ",
"cepaþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpton",
"links": [
[
"cēpton",
"cepton#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpe",
"links": [
[
"cēpe",
"cepe#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpte",
"links": [
[
"cēpte",
"cepte#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpen",
"links": [
[
"cēpen",
"cepen#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpten",
"links": [
[
"cēpten",
"cepten#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cēp",
"links": [
[
"cēp",
"cep#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpaþ",
"links": [
[
"cēpaþ",
"cepaþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpende",
"links": [
[
"cēpende",
"cepende#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cēped",
"links": [
[
"cēped",
"ceped#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġecēped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cēpan"
},
"expansion": "cēpan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cēpan<w1>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "capian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "*cōpnian"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "People can observe from the color of the moon what kind of weather is coming.",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, On the Seasons of the Year\nMenn magon cēpan be þæs mōnan blēo hwelċ weder tōweard biþ.",
"translation": "People can observe from the color of the moon what kind of weather is coming.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to keep (an eye on); observe; regard"
],
"id": "en-cepan-ang-verb-1uTKS10t",
"links": [
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"observe",
"observe"
],
[
"regard",
"regard"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to keep (stock of)"
],
"id": "en-cepan-ang-verb-UtRvJtid",
"links": [
[
"keep",
"keep"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to keep (to follow a rule); betake oneself to; meditate"
],
"id": "en-cepan-ang-verb-fJyIFymu",
"links": [
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"betake",
"betake"
],
[
"meditate",
"meditate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to await; bear"
],
"id": "en-cepan-ang-verb-jY1o-IUC",
"links": [
[
"await",
"await"
],
[
"bear",
"bear"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to desire; take"
],
"id": "en-cepan-ang-verb-Q4Kbu-8k",
"links": [
[
"desire",
"desire"
],
[
"take",
"take"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkeː.pɑn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eː.pɑn"
}
],
"word": "cepan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 1 weak heavy-stem verbs",
"Old English class 1 weak verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Old English/eː.pɑn",
"Rhymes:Old English/eː.pɑn/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "becēpan"
},
{
"word": "ġecēpan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "keep"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kepe"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "keip"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "keep"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "kepen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "keep"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kepe"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "keip"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "keep"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "keepen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "keep"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kepe"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "keip"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "keep"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "kepe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kōpijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kōpijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kōpijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kōpijaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *kōpijan, from Proto-Germanic *kōpijaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cēpan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpan",
"links": [
[
"cēpan",
"cepan#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpenne",
"links": [
[
"cēpenne",
"cepenne#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpe",
"links": [
[
"cēpe",
"cepe#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpte",
"links": [
[
"cēpte",
"cepte#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpest",
"links": [
[
"cēpest",
"cepest#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpst",
"links": [
[
"cēpst",
"cepst#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cēptest",
"links": [
[
"cēptest",
"ceptest#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpeþ",
"links": [
[
"cēpeþ",
"cepeþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpþ",
"links": [
[
"cēpþ",
"cepþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpte",
"links": [
[
"cēpte",
"cepte#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpaþ",
"links": [
[
"cēpaþ",
"cepaþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpton",
"links": [
[
"cēpton",
"cepton#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpe",
"links": [
[
"cēpe",
"cepe#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpte",
"links": [
[
"cēpte",
"cepte#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpen",
"links": [
[
"cēpen",
"cepen#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpten",
"links": [
[
"cēpten",
"cepten#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cēp",
"links": [
[
"cēp",
"cep#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpaþ",
"links": [
[
"cēpaþ",
"cepaþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cēpende",
"links": [
[
"cēpende",
"cepende#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cēped",
"links": [
[
"cēped",
"ceped#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġecēped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cēpan"
},
"expansion": "cēpan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cēpan<w1>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "capian"
},
{
"word": "*cōpnian"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "People can observe from the color of the moon what kind of weather is coming.",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, On the Seasons of the Year\nMenn magon cēpan be þæs mōnan blēo hwelċ weder tōweard biþ.",
"translation": "People can observe from the color of the moon what kind of weather is coming.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to keep (an eye on); observe; regard"
],
"links": [
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"observe",
"observe"
],
[
"regard",
"regard"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to keep (stock of)"
],
"links": [
[
"keep",
"keep"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to keep (to follow a rule); betake oneself to; meditate"
],
"links": [
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"betake",
"betake"
],
[
"meditate",
"meditate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to await; bear"
],
"links": [
[
"await",
"await"
],
[
"bear",
"bear"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to desire; take"
],
"links": [
[
"desire",
"desire"
],
[
"take",
"take"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkeː.pɑn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eː.pɑn"
}
],
"word": "cepan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cepan meaning in Old English (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.